Boston Apothecary

December 2, 2009

the “maraschino” blackberry illusion

Filed under: distillation — Tags: , , , — sjs @ 2:10 pm

the maraschino cherry is an interesting art object.  to many its just a preserved cherry.  but it also can be a trick of expectation and anticipation.  you expect this simple looking preserved cherry to taste like a cherry and it does… but also with the intense almond-y note of the pit.  this was done by an alcoholic solvent bringing the character of the pit to equilibrium with the rest of the cherry.  but you can’t just use any alcoholic solvent.  because we are dealing with equilibriums and certain expectations that must be met, the solvent has to have the same aroma as the juice of the cherry… therefore it must be a cherry eau-de-vie.  that is usually the first mistake people make in making “brandied” cherries.  if you use something with different aroma than the fruit, equilibrium will strip the flavor out of the fruit with often horrific consequences.

well maybe we could do this with another fruit than cherry.  but none really have a pit or inhomogeneous element that a solvent could homogenize.  so what we would have to do is aromatize a fruit brandy with a spice and push it into a fruit instead of pulling it somewhat out. hence we have the “maraschino” blackberry. blackberries soaked in blackberry eau-de-vie that was distilled with mace and grains of paradise (then mixed with vitamin C powder as an anti-oxidant).

well i more or less executed the “maraschino” blackberry idea but came to a stumbling block.  i made a nice blackberry eau-de-vie that i distilled with an “inuitive” amount of spice (i didn’t measure).  the resultant elixir was definitely palatable on its own and not over intense in spice by itself.  things got messy after i added the black berries and let thing sit for a couple weeks.  you can drink the liquid on its own, but the spice aroma in the black berry upon eating seem wretchedly over extracted.  you have to spit it out.  there is obviously some trick of perception that amplifies certain sensations, but how the hell does is it work?

i think i will just dilute the spice extract with more plain eau-de-vie and see what happens.  the “maraschino” blackberry may still be salvaged, but i need a better understanding of this flavor illusion.  i’m reminded of two experiences.  years ago i made a simple clove infused whiskey with seagram’s vo and probably ten cloves per liter.  the infusion tasted really flat and un-clove-like until you added some triple-sec.  wow did the flavor wake up.  sugar is a known flavor enhancer and likely its full potential was unleashed on the cloves.  the same could be happening to the spices from the sugar in the blackberries.  but there isn’t much sugar in the blackberries (maybe just a few %) and much of that sugar was brought to equilibrium with the rest of the liquid.

another experience was drawn from making a simple pineapple rum infusion.  when it comes to equilibrium and you eat a peice of pineapple you get a sensation that you’ve just taken in over proof rum.  even to someone quite desensitized, the sensation is a jolt.  it doesn’t seem probable that the pineapple has more alcohol than the liquid.  so what gives?  is it a result of the texture?  maybe.  blackberries and raspberries taste great whole but when you juice them and rob their texture they taste flat and muted.  to get any life back into them you need to abstract and ameliorate them with more sugar and more acid.

maybe we are experiencing an abstraction through texture.  all those tiny blackberry cells keep popping in your mouth hitting you with barrage after barrage of sensation.  it echoes and amplifies…  i know ferran adria experimented with “limes with texture” where he overshadowed the character of cucumber with lime to borrow their texture.  i wonder if anything was amplified and maybe he was inspired by other fruit abstractions that we more commonly encounter.

potential amusement abounds…

January 3, 2009

deconstructing sweet vermouth…

Filed under: Uncategorized, distillation, liqueur recipes, vermouth — Tags: , , , — sjs @ 3:41 pm

well my aim here is to sacrifice a bottle of stock’s sweet vermouth to learn something about it. most importantly its official sugar content unobscured by alcohol what can only really be found by using a still.

so before distillation and separation of the alcohol, the vermouth’s brix can be tested obscured by its alcohol content to see how much it throws off the hydrometer. (11.25 brix) well most people’s understanding is that sweet vermouths are much higher in sugar so maybe the alcohol (16%) throws the hydrometer off more than i thought… (i really just estimated the reading would be off one or two percentage points)

i put the vermouth into the still with an equal volume of water to essentially split it in half. the half left in the still is sugar, water, acid, and whatever aromatic compounds that do not distill. what comes through is alcohol, distilled water, and what ever aromatic compounds that are distillable.

after the run and refilling what was left in the still to the original volume with distilled water (because a small volume escaped the system) the hydrometer shows a reading of 15.5 brix. this result seems likely because it is within maynard amerine’s guidelines for sweet vermouth.

cool. now we have something intuitive to shoot for in our home made vermouths.

during the run i was also able to taste the distillate as it came out of the the still. the results were very cool in that it smelt exactly like it does out of the bottle. you do see some of the separations of the botanicals as they move through in waves. the orange phase is the most distinct and intense showing how important shades of orange are to a sweet vermouth. i thought i noticed a whisper of vanilla along the way that i never tasted before in stock and towards the end i noticed heavier wormwood-maybe herb-like aromas.

now the 15.5 brix measurement of sugar can be translated to grams/liter so we can think of it in another way. with the help of the grams/liter translation, the volume the vermouth’s sugar takes up when dissolved can be found so that we can solve our two variable equation for sugaring and fortifying our wines to stock’s 16% alc. by 15.5 brix model. (port often uses a 18% alc. by 6 brix model so if you substitute it for vermouth you will need to compensate with extra sugar for a drink that isn’t too dry!)

a formula that i’ve come across but never really used is weight in g/l = sg * brix * 10

brix 15.5 = SG 1.06326 so —-> g/l = 1.06326 * 15.5 * 10 = 164.8 g/l

which is 5.81 oz. if you can’t handle metric

(what is interesting is that the tables in the back of daniel pambianchi’s “techniques in home wine making” show different results… his would be higher by more than 20 grams… so did i go wrong anywhere? i used the “circular of the national bureau of standards” to get my specific gravity for 15.5 brix. the circulars table also computes the g/l of sucrose so it is an awesome resource to the liqueur maker.)

now we can see what 164.8 grams of sugar looks like undissolved volumetrically in an oxo measuring cup. using whole foods organic sugar it looks like 3/4 of a cup (different sugar types will make it vary slightly).

when dissolved this will compress. but by how much? supposedly there are wine makers tables for such things but i haven’t been able to locate any. pembianchi does note that adding 250 g to 1 liter of water yields a new volume of approximately 1.2 liters.

a useful table may not be that important since we are primarily going to be using the same sugar content over and over. we can probably rely on a one time experiment with sugar and water.

a sugar-water solution and my scale shows that 164.8 g/l dissolves and compresses to become about 86 milli liters in volume (2.9 fluid oz.)

this gets us closer to how much we have to over fortify the wine to bring it back to 16% when sugar is added. more algebra could solve it exactly but the numbers are looking round and it should be noted that alcoholic beverage labels, even on wines, are allowed to have a one percentage point margin of error so if it was really 17% alc. put printed as 16% alc. they would be off by more than 5% and be ok… we could just fortify to 17.5% before we add our sugar and be done with it… (we don’t even know how accurate the wine we use to start is anyhow…!)

sounds good to me…

my understanding from amerine’s books is that we want as little alcohol as possible so our beverage will not be hot tasting or cost us lots of tax money. sweet vermouths commonly are 16% alc. while dry vermouths are usually 18%. being over 16% alc. puts both over the very important acetification point (vinegar bacteria) but sweet vermouth may be able to be slightly lower because its large sugar content protects it from various other lactic bacterial spoilage thresholds (i really don’t know but 18% is a key number for those). another reason for the differing alcohol contents could be because within a producer’s production process, both sweet and dry (before they are aromatized) come from the same fortified wine stock (noilly prat!). the volume of the sugar in the sweet dilutes the alcohol to 16% (with an accepted one percentage point margin of error!).

October 12, 2008

absinthe

Filed under: distillation, liqueur recipes — Tags: — sjs @ 4:07 pm

so yesterday i whipped up some “absinthe”. i have never liked the stuff and always found it over hyped so i tried to produce something that would keep my interest. my main complaint about absinthe (besides the prices…) is that anise is such a cloying dominant flavor. to get around this in my parody i thought i’d add a comparative element to the naked anise and see if i could stretch it out on the tongue. a long time ago i used this concept with strawberries but lately i’ve been enamored with the basque country patxarian sloe berry-anise combo. i don’t have a hedge of sloes so i added sloe gin to my spirits and then got impatient and also added framboise brandy because i wanted more comparative flavor and a way to bring the alcohol content up into true absinthe territory. i used the turkish raki to capture the anise botanicals because i got it for free and it was 90 proof so it seemed like a good idea.

the amount of wormwood per in grams per liter was extrapolated from other people large batch recipes. yarrow and mate seemed like a good idea for wormwood comparative flavors to contrast the fruit and anise. yarrow brings a meadowy aroma while yerba mate is slightly woodsier… i noticed many people’s formulas had coriander which is really important to london dry gins so i thought it may be a nice extra contrasting element. i probably should have added more.

all of my liquids added up to one liter but i only pulled out 750ml because i wanted to preserve the same amount of anise that was in the raki. the additional alcohols bring the proof up to slightly less than 120.

something that i noticed which probably adds a great layer of artisanship that most people miss is that you have to distill at only a certain reflux rate to get all the alcohol you want but not disturb the anise-alcohol-water solution. i started distilling at a really high reflux rate and took all of the alcohol off very quickly but when my temperature went up and i was trying to hit my 750 ml end volume mostly by distilling water i started to louche and my absinthe yellowed slightly. next time i should probably do some math, look at some charts and work at a less intense reflux rate to keep my high alcohol and clarity of distillate.

750 ml turkish raki

100 ml sloe gin

150 ml framboise brandy

15 g wormwood

5 g yerba mate

5 g yarrow

2 g coriander

distilled to 750ml (115 proof or so)

absinthe is still boring but i liked this compared to kubler. as subtle as they are, the fruit aromatics really make it…

***update***

so i finally tasted the st. george absinthe verte and was really impressed though i was surprised by its coloring and intensely distinct aromatics relative to kubler. i only had a taste from a really nice bartender and was not lucky enough to see it louche or not but i was surprised by the chartreuse like nature of its color. and its level of anise seemed to be lower than kubler. the nose was pungent like a monastic liqueur and reminded me of biting into fresh basil but with more anise. the herbs make it really penetrating and antiseptic feeling but in a different way than juniper. i think i could understand the appeal of cocktails like the sazerac better if knew they were made with an absinthe that had more contrast to the anise. i think i should explore more fruit and working in a secondary infusion to my recipe. if we are thinking antiseptic… hops anyone?

October 11, 2008

a simple drink…

Filed under: distillation, vermouth — Tags: , — sjs @ 12:45 pm

2 oz. aguardiente! (90 proof distilled i.p.a. with pomegranite seeds)
1 oz. chamberyzette (replica)
dash peychaud’s

the grain like character of the young spirit is really cool. and the hop-strawberry contrast is divine. the spirit is uncut but i don’t seem to mind. i wanted to make sure i got all the aromas… i was always told a distilled heavily hopped beer would suck because the hops would be obnoxious but that doesn’t seem to be so. i think a big part of the hops are left behind (bitter) and all you get is a floral capacity. this supposedly has a large amount of pomegranite seeds but their distilled character is really subtle…

October 6, 2008

deconstructing campari

Filed under: distillation — Tags: , — sjs @ 3:07 pm

so i thought i knew a lot about all things alcoholic but i keep finding lots of holes in my knowledge. one to clear up is whether amaros like campari are infused then redistilled or not. do they simply infuse and filter then color? sounds more practical. distilling has huge energy costs and sometimes it seems to over engineer the results. and are any bitter principles volatile enough to come through in a distillate? does the results either way have any implications for an understanding of absinthe containing wormwood which is the most bitter substance i’ve ever come across?

so for the expiriment i took 500ml of campari and added 500ml of water then distilled out 500ml. using a nice amount of reflux campari’s small amount of alcohol came out quickly then i was mainly distilling water to make up the volume.

now i have two 500ml volumes. one is clear, has the 24% alcohol, and whatever aromatic principles came through. it smells just like campari but is barely bitter or maybe just has the taste that my brain associates with bitter things. now the second volume is slightly darker red than the campari (maybe because i caramelized the sugars?) and does not smell campari-esque at all. it actually smells slightly like juniper but who knows if that is from residues in my still or from the containers i’m reusing. the second volume definitely has a lot of bitter to it but less than campari. (or maybe not when i sit down and drink the real stuff…)

so the results here are really similar to my distilling of a quinine tincture. no bitter in the distillate. now i have to try it with wormwood and see how the results come out. if the results were not bitter absinthes could have had lots of wormwood in them. my previous understanding was that you could never put so much wormwood in because no one would be able to palate the stuff…

one more thing that i can derive from the campari experiment is how much sugar is in the product. now that i have a volume with no alcohol i can use either a refractometer or more accurately a hydrometer to gauge how much sugar they add. (i just ordered some specialized hydrometers… can’t wait to try them out!)

***update***

so i finally tried out my specialized hydrometers. campari lied just between the end of one and beginning of another so my very good estimate is there is 22 brix to campari. now i could take this farther and see how much the alchol obscures the measure of the campari’s sugar content using the same hydrometer on the real stuff.

September 22, 2008

hacking gin…

Filed under: distillation — Tags: , , — sjs @ 2:45 pm

so there is a lot of talk of genever style gin going around… yet i haven’t really been able to get my hands on any. a select few bars around here have it and have been coming up with gorgeous drinks but i would love to have a go at the stuff in the comforts of my own kitchen… but if its not readily available in any liquor store how could i approximate it?

500 ml gordon’s london dry gin

12 oz. malt india (malt soda)

slowly redistill

though i’m not sure if there is any reducing sugars added to genever style gins. the malt aroma gives a warm “sweetness” to the gin and i don’t really feel the need to add any sugar. any insights?

the distillate may need to rest but i think it may need more than 12 oz. of malt soda to get closer to young genever from the tap.

so now that some genevers are coming to market is there any producer that is simply going to add “malt” as a botanical to their existing processes to bang out a product?

September 9, 2008

’tis the season…

Filed under: distillation — Tags: , — sjs @ 12:40 am

pears are in season and jason just gave me a large bag of some fruit from the tree in his back yard. the goal is to make some pear eau de vie… to start with we will need a wine. i only had enough pears for a gallon recipe. which even if it hits 10% alcohol will only give me a couple cups of eau de vie. luckily distilling things scales down really well. to make the wine i cut out any bad spots in the pears and put them through a cheese grater to get some pulp. this filled about 75% of the gallon carboy. i then added the rest of a jar of clover honey that was in the pantry to up the sugar content somewhat… this was maybe 3/4 of a cup of honey. i also added a teaspoon of fermax yeast nutrient to help things along and a couple imprecise spoonfuls of tartaric acid to help protect the wine from bacteria. i added an entire packet of lalvin k1-v1116 fruit wine yeast to hopefully snuff out all the other yeasts and stuff growing on the pears’ skin. hopefully fermentation will break down the pulp enough that it comes out of the carboy easy enough… i think i’m hoping things ferment as much as possible with out racking anything so i can just toss the wine solids and all in the still… discarding only the foreshots, saving all heads and tails, then having just enough remaining for a small drink among a couple friends…

wish me luck!

****update!****

so things fermented really well, but i did fill the carboy too full and things expanded and frothed. this did create a mess but defnitelly didn’t spoil the wine. next time i need to plan better to save more time. the wine did appear to oxidize and not look too appealing but the distilled alcohol came out quite nice. i tossed the wine into the still (my new boiler is a 10 liter pressure cooker) ontop of a steam tray that i suspended a little to keep the wine’s solids from burning. this seemed to work really well. going into distillation i had no idea how much alcohol i produced. the first thing i did was bring the still into equilibrium then pull off the foreshots which amounted to about an ounce. i tried to seperate the heads but then determined that i liked them. i left in the tails as well. for some pears from a common tree made with incredibly simple technique the result is gorgeous and the aroma is sensational. next year i hope to get the best of the whole tree. my total yield is a cup and half that is well over 80 proof. after it rest i may cut it down a little with some water… over all the product reminds me of navip slivovitz from serbia bottled at 100 proof.

****update!****

2 oz. pear brandy from the above recipe

.5 oz. simple syrup

4 dashes angostura

divine flavor contrast… if you can’t make your own brandy try it with clear creek…

August 26, 2008

hypothetically speaking…

Filed under: distillation — Tags: — sjs @ 4:10 pm

hypothetically if you could operate a still what would you put through it? were you ever interested in learning anything about distillation through maybe some sample distillations?

so what distills?

solids don’t… colored stuff doesn’t but sometimes you get a louche…

does acidity distill? do spirits have an acidity that we should be paying attention to? how does distilled vinegar work?

what happens when you distill a vermouth? does it turn into what we would call a gin? how many grams of botanicals per liter are in a typical gin… what else would taste good in a gin? can you re-concentrate the botanical strength and alcohol of gins?

how does framboise eaux-de-vie differ from pears? does one have fermented fruit and the other simply have macerated distilled fruit?

what else would you want to know about the distilled things you drink?

***update!***

so i redistilled my african rye whiskey infusion. all of the rooisbos flavor was really in the tales of the distillation. the previously aged overholt rye whiskey is now clear again and some of the barrique flavor seems to be left behind… the stuff left in the still after the alcohol and volatiles were stripped was darkly colored and barely flavored. i would love to learn more about the short term maturing of distilled spirits because it seems to taste radically different 24 hours later. its less harsh like the water is more integrated and you can perceive more of the rooibos identity.

***update!***

so i had a pound of quinine powder that was sitting in a couple liters of cognac. i let it sit for a couple weeks or so and racked it off to make a quinine tincture via infusion. its gorgeous… ebony colored, aromatic, sickeningly bitter… what more could you want… well the solids saturated with probably a liter left of the cognac sat for many months in a 3 liter mason jar. i just decided to redistill it. what i was wondering was if my distillate would taste bitter? i distilled it at a very high reflux rate until i was sure i was into the tails but the product never became massively bitter. i didn’t bring it up to 212F but i expected to get a lot of flavor without having to. it is very aromatic and flavorful like you would expect quinine to be but not bitter at all…

if i redistill campari what will i get?

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